বড় AI কোম্পানিগুলোর বিরুদ্ধে Copyright Lawsuit: Google, OpenAI, Meta, xAI এবং Perplexity এর বিরুদ্ধে Legal যুদ্ধ

প্রকাশিত: ডিসেম্বর 28, 2025| পড়ার সময়: ১৫ মিনিট | বিভাগ: AI, Copyright, Legal News

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মূল বিষয়:

প্রযুক্তি জগতে একটি বিশাল আইনি যুদ্ধ শুরু হয়েছে যা নির্ধারণ করবে Artificial Intelligence এর ভবিষ্যৎ। New York Times এর Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative reporter John Carreyrou - যিনি Theranos blood-testing scandal expose করে বিখ্যাত - December ২২, ২০২৪ তারিখে মামলা দায়ের করেছেন ছয়টি বিশাল AI কোম্পানির বিরুদ্ধে: Google, OpenAI, Meta, Elon Musk এর xAI, Anthropic, এবং Perplexity।

অভিযোগ? এই tech giants copyright আইন লঙ্ঘন করে লক্ষ লক্ষ বই, article এবং content চুরি করেছে তাদের AI chatbots train করার জন্য - এবং কোনো permission বা payment ছাড়াই।

এটি শুধু একটি isolated case নয়। ২০২৪ সাল হয়ে উঠেছে "IP Lawsuits এর Year" যেখানে প্রায় every type of content creator - movie studios (Disney, Warner Bros.) থেকে শুরু করে newspapers (Chicago Tribune) পর্যন্ত - AI companies এর বিরুদ্ধে court এ গিয়েছে।

এই article এ আমরা জানব:

• কোন কোন মামলা চলছে
• কী অভিযোগ এবং defence
• এর economic এবং legal implications
• AI industry এর ভবিষ্যৎ কী

১. The Latest Lawsuit: John Carreyrou এর নেতৃত্বে

১.১ কে John Carreyrou?

John Carreyrou হলেন একজন legendary investigative journalist যিনি:

• Pulitzer Prize winner (2015)
• Theranos scandal এর whistleblower যা blood-testing startup এর $9 billion fraud expose করে
• New York Times এর প্রধান investigative reporter
• বই লেখক: "Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup"

এখন তিনি লড়াই করছেন AI giants এর বিরুদ্ধে - এবং এবার তিনি একা নন।

১.২ কারা মামলায় যুক্ত?

Plaintiffs (বাদী পক্ষ):

1. John Carreyrou - NYT investigative reporter
2. Lisa Barretta - লেখক
3. Philip Shishkin - journalist
4. Jane Adams - author
5. Mathew Sacks - লেখক
6. Michael Kochin - author

Defendants (বিবাদী পক্ষ):

1. Google - Gemini AI
2. OpenAI - ChatGPT
3. Meta Platforms - Llama
4. xAI - Grok (Elon Musk এর company)
5. Anthropic - Claude
6. Perplexity - AI search engine

১.৩ মামলার মূল অভিযোগ

Lawsuit alleges যে এই AI companies:

1. Copyright Infringement (কপিরাইট লঙ্ঘন):

• লক্ষ লক্ষ copyrighted books "pirated" করেছে
• Unauthorized copying করেছে training এর জন্য
• কোনো permission বা license নেয়নি
• Authors কে কোনো compensation দেয়নি

2. Massive Scale (বিশাল পরিসর):

• Millions of books scraped করা হয়েছে
• "Shadow libraries" থেকে illegal download
• Entire datasets stolen

3. Commercial Exploitation:

• Stolen content দিয়ে billion-dollar businesses built
• OpenAI valuation: $830 billion (rumored)
• Anthropic valuation: $300+ billion
• Authors দেখছে না compensation

Filing এ বলা হয়েছে:

"LLM companies should not be able to so easily extinguish thousands upon thousands of high-value claims at bargain-basement rates."

২. The New York Times vs OpenAI: সবচেয়ে বড় মামলা

২.১ December 2023: Lawsuit Filed

The New York Times December 27, 2023 তারিখে মামলা করে OpenAI এবং Microsoft এর বিরুদ্ধে Southern District of New York court এ।

মূল Claims:

1. Direct Copyright Infringement - NYT articles এর unauthorized copying
2. Vicarious Infringement - Microsoft এর involvement
3. Contributory Infringement - AI training facilitating piracy
4. DMCA Violation - Copyright Management Information (CMI) removal

২.২ কী করেছে OpenAI?

According to NYT lawsuit:

Training Process:

• OpenAI scraped millions of NYT articles web থেকে
• Articles copied করে তাদের servers এ
• Training datasets এ included করে
• GPT models train করতে ব্যবহার করে

The Problem:

• ChatGPT কখনো কখনো verbatim reproduce করে NYT articles
• Entire paragraphs return করে without attribution
• Users paywall bypass করতে পারে
• NYT এর revenue ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়

Example (from lawsuit): User prompt: "What did NYT say about Nashville?" ChatGPT output: [Multiple paragraphs from NYT article, word-for-word]

CMI Removal: OpenAI removes:

• NYT masthead
• Author bylines
• Copyright notices
• Publication date
• Article metadata

২.৩ OpenAI এর Defence

OpenAI এর response:

1. Fair Use Defense:

"Training AI models using publicly available content is fair use under copyright law."

Fair Use Doctrine允许:

• Research purposes
• Transformative use
• Educational purposes
• Commentary

2. "Revolutionary Technology" Argument:

• ChatGPT একটি transformative innovation
• Not a substitute for NYT subscription
• Creates something new
• Doesn't compete with original

3. "Manipulation" Allegation:

"The Times paid someone to hack OpenAI's products and took tens of thousands of attempts to generate the highly anomalous results."

OpenAI claims NYT deliberately manipulated prompts to force regurgitation।

4. Hypocrisy Allegation:

• NYT itself uses ChatGPT internally (extensively)
• NYT even deleted evidence of their OpenAI usage
• Court documents confirm this

5. Industry Support: Over 20 publications partnered with OpenAI:

• Associated Press
• Axel Springer
• The Atlantic
• Condé Nast
• Vox Media
• News Corp
• Axios

২.৪ Court এর Decision (March 2025)

March 26, 2025: Federal Judge Sidney Stein rejected OpenAI's motion to dismiss।

Key Rulings: ✅ Lawsuit will proceed to trial ✅ Main copyright claims allowed ✅ Some narrow claims dismissed ⏳ Trial date not yet set

Judge বলেছেন:

• Evidence gathering শুরু হবে
• Depositions হবে executives এর সাথে
• Public pretrial hearings হবে

Attorney Steven Lieberman (NYT legal team) celebrated:

"This is a victory for journalism and copyright protection."

OpenAI spokesman Jason Deutrom response:

"We look forward to making it clear that we build our AI models using publicly available data, in a manner grounded in fair use."

৩. অন্যান্য Major Lawsuits

৩.১ Authors vs Meta (Silverman Case)

Sarah Silverman (comedian/author) এবং other authors sued Meta over LLaMA AI training।

Status:

• Filed 2023, Northern District of California
• Consolidated with Chabon v. Meta, Farnsworth v. Meta
• Meta admits using "Books3 dataset"
• Books3 = pirated books from shadow libraries
• Meta claiming fair use defense

September 2024 Development:

• Judge criticized plaintiffs' lawyers
• Class certification denied initially
• David Boies (famous attorney) joined case
• Discovery ongoing

৩.২ Authors Guild vs OpenAI

Authors Guild (writers organization) filed class action lawsuit:

Plaintiffs Include:

• Michael Chabon (Pulitzer winner)
• David Henry Hwang (Tony winner)
• Matthew Klam
• Many other prominent authors

Claims:

• Systematic copyright infringement
• Shadow library piracy
• Commercial exploitation

Status: Ongoing discovery phase

৩.৩ Anthropic Settlement - The First Major Deal

August 2024: Anthropic reached first major settlement:

Terms:

• $1.5 billion payout to class of authors
• Settled class action lawsuit
• Authors alleged Anthropic pirated millions of books

The Problem: Individual authors receiving only ~$3,000 per work (before legal fees)

This is only 2% of Copyright Act's statutory maximum of $150,000 per work!

Carreyrou এর Reaction: Called pirated training data Anthropic's "original sin" Rejected settlement as inadequate Opted out to pursue higher damages

৩.৪ News Publishers Rising Up

Other News Organizations Suing:

1. The Daily News + Others (Alden Capital owned):

• Consolidated with NYT case
• Similar copyright claims

2. Center for Investigative Reporting:

• Nonprofit journalism organization
• Also consolidated with NYT case

3. Raw Story + AlterNet:

• Brought DMCA claims only
• November 2024: Judge dismissed case
• Court said claims "too speculative"
• Couldn't show specific harm

4. Chicago Tribune + Others:

• Multiple local newspapers
• Class action approach

5. News Corp (October 2024):

• Sued Perplexity specifically
• Wall Street Journal, NY Post owner

6. Canadian News Publishers:

• Group lawsuit in Canada
• Similar allegations

৩.৫ Visual Artists + Getty Images

AI Image Generator Lawsuits:

Stability AI (Stable Diffusion):

• Visual artists class action
• Alleges art style theft

Midjourney:

• Similar claims
• Artist copyrights infringed

Getty Images:

• Massive stock photo library
• Suing over image scraping

৪. Legal Arguments: The Battle of Ideas

৪.১ Plaintiffs এর Position

Core Argument:

"Copyright exists for a reason - to protect creators' rights and incentivize creation. AI companies are stealing decades of creative work to build billion-dollar businesses without permission or payment."

Key Points:

1. Literal Copying:

• Training requires making copies
• Copies stored on AI company servers
• This = copyright infringement
• No authorization granted

2. Commercial Harm:

• AI outputs compete with original works
• Users bypass paywalls
• Revenue loss for creators
• Advertising income reduced
• Subscription cancellations

3. Inadequate Compensation:

• Anthropic settlement: $3K per work
• Copyright Act allows: $150K per work
• "Bargain-basement rates" unacceptable

4. No Fair Use:

• Not transformative enough
• Commercial purpose
• Uses entire works
• Harms market for originals

Harvard Law Expert Mason Kortz:

"At worst for OpenAI, it could mean that any large language model trained on NYT content needs to be deleted and rebuilt from scratch without that content."

৪.২ AI Companies এর Defence

Core Argument:

"Fair use has always protected using copyrighted material for transformative purposes. AI training is the ultimate transformation - creating entirely new capabilities that don't compete with or substitute for originals."

Key Points:

1. Fair Use Doctrine:

• Publicly available content
• Transformative use
• Creates new knowledge
• Educational/research purpose

2. No Market Substitution:

• ChatGPT ≠ NYT subscription
• Different products
• Different purposes
• Complementary, not competitive

3. Technical Transformation:

• AI doesn't store articles
• Learns patterns, not memorizes
• Mathematical transformations
• Completely different output

4. Innovation at Stake:

"If we must license every piece of training data, AI development becomes impossible. The internet was built on fair use - AI should be too."

OpenAI Statement:

"AI models are profoundly transformative. They use massive computational power to learn deep mathematical patterns, analyses, and insights from trillions of datapoints so they can create new content."

৪.৩ Legal Precedents

Cases Already Decided:

 Victories for AI (2024-2025):

1. Bartz v. Anthropic (June 2025):

• Judge ruled training is "highly transformative"
• Protected by fair use

2. Kadrey v. Meta (June 2025):

• Similar ruling
• Fair use applies

Conference Board noted:

"These cases are significant victories for developers. In both cases, the judges noted that each AI model's use of the copyrighted material was highly transformative, a key element of satisfying the fair use doctrine."

 Losses for AI:

Raw Story v. OpenAI (November 2024):

• Dismissed for lack of standing
• But on technical grounds, not fair use

Key Question Still Unanswered:

কি Supreme Court level এ fair use defense hold করবে when the case reaches there?

৫. Economic Stakes: Billions at Risk

৫.১ AI Company Valuations

Current Valuations (2024):

• OpenAI: ~$830 billion (rumored new funding)
• Anthropic: $300+ billion (exploring)
• Google DeepMind: Part of $2 trillion Alphabet
• Meta AI: Part of $1+ trillion Meta
• xAI: $50+ billion (Elon Musk company)

Total at Stake: $2+ trillion in market value

৫.২ Training Data Economics

Cost of Licensing: If AI companies must license all training data:

Rough Estimates:

• Books: 5 million titles × $1,000 = $5 billion
• News: 100 million articles × $50 = $5 billion
• Academic: 50 million papers × $100 = $5 billion
• Web: Billions of pages = incalculable

Total: Potentially $100+ billion to license existing training data

Per New Model: $10-50 billion

This would:

• Make AI development economically unviable
• Give only biggest companies advantage
• Slow innovation dramatically
• Increase AI product costs

৫.৩ Creator Economy

If Plaintiffs Win:

• Authors: Could receive $150K per infringed book
• News: Billions in damages + ongoing licensing fees
• Artists: Similar compensation

If Defendants Win:

• Creators get nothing
• Business as usual
• AI continues current model

৬. Broader Implications

৬.১ Innovation vs Protection

The Fundamental Tension:

Innovation Side:

• AI could cure diseases
• Solve climate change
• Transform education
• Boost productivity

Protection Side:

• Creators deserve compensation
• Copyright incentivizes creation
• Fairness matters
• Rules apply to everyone

Who's Right? এই প্রশ্নের উত্তর নির্ধারণ করবে AI এর ভবিষ্যৎ।

৬.২ International Implications

EU Approach:

• Stricter copyright enforcement
• AI Act requires transparency
• Opt-out mechanisms for creators

China Approach:

• State-controlled AI development
• Less copyright concern
• Domestic content prioritized

US Approach:

• Courts deciding case-by-case
• No clear legislation yet
• Industry self-regulation

Global AI Race: যদি US এ AI development খুব expensive হয়, other countries এ shift হতে পারে development।

৬.৩ Future of Journalism

NYT এর Fear:

"If readers can get summaries for free, why pay for subscriptions?"

Real Data:

• NYT subscribers: 10+ million
• Most value original reporting
• AI summaries ≠ in-depth journalism
• Trust factor matters

কিন্তু Concern Valid:

• Younger generation AI-native
• Habits changing
• Revenue models threatened

প্রায়শই জিজ্ঞাসিত প্রশ্ন (FAQ)

প্র ১: মামলার outcome কী হতে পারে?

উ: তিনটি প্রধান scenario:

1. Plaintiffs Win:

• AI companies pay billions in damages
• Must license all training data
• Past models may need to be deleted
• Future models extremely expensive
• Innovation slows significantly

2. Defendants Win:

• Fair use established for AI training
• Business continues as usual
• Creators get no compensation
• AI development accelerates

3. Settlement:

• Likely outcome বলে experts মনে করেন
• Licensing deals between parties
• Some compensation for creators
• AI companies continue with permission
• Middle ground solution

Timeline: Final resolution likely 2-5 years away (appeals included)

প্র ২: Fair use কী এবং কেন এটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ?

উ: Fair use একটি legal doctrine যা copyright law এর exception।

Allow করে:

• Education and research
• Commentary and criticism
• Parody
• Transformative works
• News reporting

Four Factors:

1. Purpose: Commercial vs educational
2. Nature: Factual vs creative work
3. Amount: How much used
4. Market Effect: Harm to original

AI Context এ:

• Training = research/transformative?
• Commercial use (ChatGPT sold)
• Uses entire works
• May harm creator markets

Courts বলবে: Does AI meet fair use test?

প্র ৩: Anthropic settlement কেন controversial?

উ: $1.5 billion শুনতে অনেক মনে হয়, কিন্তু:

Math:

• Millions of books pirated
• Each author receives ~$3,000
• Before legal fees: ~$2,000
• Copyright Act allows: $150,000 per work

So authors getting: 2% of maximum

Carreyrou's Position:

"$3K barely covers one month of rent. These are years of creative work stolen to build $300 billion company."

Counterargument:

• Something better than nothing
• Guaranteed payment
• Litigation uncertain and expensive
• May take years

But Carreyrou opted out to pursue higher damages separately।

প্র ৪: Shadow libraries কী?

উ: Shadow libraries হল illegal websites যেখানে:

Contains:

• Millions of pirated books
• Academic papers
• Journals
• Copyrighted content

Famous Examples:

• Library Genesis (LibGen)
• Z-Library (recently shut down)
• Sci-Hub (academic papers)

How AI Used Them:

• Downloaded entire collections
• "Books3 dataset" = 196,000 pirated books
• No permission or payment
• Trained LLMs on stolen content

Legality:

• Clearly illegal
• But widely used by researchers
• Hard to shut down (decentralized)
• AI companies claim didn't know source

প্র ৫: ChatGPT কি সত্যিই articles memorize করে?

উ: Complicated answer:

OpenAI বলে:

• Models don't memorize, they learn patterns
• Mathematical transformations
• Doesn't store articles
• Creates new text

Evidence Shows:

• Sometimes produces verbatim reproductions
• Especially with prompting techniques
• NYT demonstrated this in lawsuit
• Required "tens of thousands of attempts" (OpenAI claims)

Technical Reality:

• Models do learn specific phrases
• Rare but happens
• Called "memorization" in ML
• More common with training data seen repeatedly

NYT argument: Even rare memorization = infringement

OpenAI response: Misuse of product, not intended function

প্র ৬: আমি যদি author/creator হই, কী করতে পারি?

উ: বিভিন্ন options:

1. Join Class Action:

• Existing lawsuits join করা যায়
• Share legal costs
• Lower individual payout কিন্তু guaranteed

2. Opt Out + Individual Suit:

• Carreyrou এর মতো
• Higher potential damages
• কিন্তু expensive এবং risky
• Need strong evidence

3. Licensing Deals:

• কিছু AI companies deal negotiate করছে
• Axel Springer, Atlantic, AP ইত্যাদি
• Ongoing payments
• Official permission

4. Opt-Out Tools:

• robots.txt file use করা
• Glaze/Nightshade (visual artists জন্য)
• AI companies respect করবে কিনা uncertain

5. Wait and See:

• Court decisions এর জন্য অপেক্ষা
• Legal landscape clearer হবে

প্র ৭: Google, Meta কি OpenAI এর চেয়ে আলাদা?

উ: সবাই একই approach follow করেছে কিন্তু কিছু differences:

Google:

• YouTube videos transcribe করেছে (potentially violating copyrights)
• Google Docs, Maps reviews scraped
• Terms of service changed to allow this
• Gemini trained on massive data

Meta:

• Books3 dataset use admit করেছে
• Considered buying publisher (Simon & Schuster)
• Discussed facing lawsuits as cost of business
• LLaMA models widely used

xAI (Elon Musk):

• Newer company
• Grok chatbot
• Similar methods likely
• Less documented

Anthropic:

• Founded by ex-OpenAI employees
• Marketed as "ethical AI"
• Still used pirated books
• First to settle

Perplexity:

• AI search engine
• News Corp lawsuit
• Real-time web scraping
• Attribution issues

Bottom Line: All used similar scraping techniques; differences are marginal।

প্র ৮: এই মামলার রায় কখন আসবে?

উ: দীর্ঘ process:

NYT vs OpenAI Timeline:

• Filed: December 2023
• Motion to Dismiss Denied: March 2025
• Discovery: 2025-2026 (ongoing)
• Trial: Likely 2026-2027
• Appeals: 2027-2029
• Supreme Court: Possibly 2029-2030

অন্যান্য Cases:

• Different stages এ
• Some faster (settlements)
• Others slower (complex discovery)

Realistic Estimate:

• Definitive legal precedent: 3-7 years
• Intermediate rulings: Ongoing
• Industry may settle before final rulings

কিন্তু Impact Already:

• Companies more cautious
• Licensing deals increasing
• Public awareness growing

প্র ৯: AI development কি থেমে যাবে?

উ: না, কিন্তু পরিবর্তন হতে পারে:

যদি Creators জেতে:

• Licensing model emerge করবে
• AI companies pay করবে content জন্য
• Development costs বাড়বে
• Smaller players struggle করবে
• Big Tech advantage

কিন্তু AI থামবে না:

• Too valuable economically
• Too important strategically
• International competition
• Workarounds পাওয়া যাবে

Possible Changes:

• Synthetic training data
• Licensed datasets only
• Open source models limited
• Government-negotiated deals
• New copyright exceptions

Historical Parallel:

• Music industry vs Napster → Spotify, Apple Music
• Illegal downloading → Legal streaming
• Similar transition সম্ভব AI তে

প্র ১০: আমার AI tool ব্যবহার করা কি ethical?

উ: Personal decision, কিন্তু বিবেচনা করুন:

Ethical Concerns:

• Your use supporting companies যারা creator rights লঙ্ঘন করেছে?
• Alternative tools আছে কি যারা ethical?
• আপনার own creative work কি risk এ?

Pragmatic Reality:

• AI tools এখন everywhere
• Avoiding them professionally কঠিন
• System-level change প্রয়োজন, not just individual boycotts

Middle Ground:

• AI companies support করুন যারা licensing deals করছে
• Creators support করুন directly (subscriptions, purchases)
• Advocate for fair AI policies
• Use AI responsibly এবং critically

Remember:

• Legal ≠ Ethical সবসময়
• Courts decide legal
• You decide ethical for yourself

Expert view (Harvard Law):

"This isn't about stopping AI. It's about ensuring AI develops in a way that's fair to the people whose work makes it possible."

উপসংহার: AI এবং Copyright এর Crossroads

আমরা দাঁড়িয়ে আছি একটি historic crossroads এ যেখানে two fundamental values সংঘর্ষে লিপ্ত:

একদিকে: Innovation - AI এর অবিশ্বাস্য সম্ভাবনা মানবতার সবচেয়ে বড় সমস্যাগুলো সমাধান করতে।

অন্যদিকে: Fairness - Creators এর অধিকার যাদের জীবনের কাজ এই AI systems power করছে।

মূল Takeaways:

For Creators:

1. আপনার অধিকার রক্ষা করুন
2. Class actions বিবেচনা করুন
3. Licensing opportunities explore করুন
4. Collective action এ participate করুন

For AI Companies: 5. Fair licensing models develop করুন 6. Transparency বাড়ান 7. Creator communities এর সাথে partnership করুন 8. Sustainable business models খুঁজুন

For Society: 9. Balanced regulations দরকার 10. Innovation + fairness উভয়ই সম্ভব 11. Global cooperation প্রয়োজন 12. Long-term thinking essential

Final Thought:

John Carreyrou এর lawsuit শুধু একজন journalist এর ব্যক্তিগত fight নয় - এটি একটি defining moment for how we balance technological progress with human rights।

যেমন Harvard Law এর Mason Kortz বলেছেন:

"This lawsuit will determine whether AI companies can build trillion-dollar businesses on the backs of creators without compensation, or whether we find a more equitable path forward."

The outcome will shape:

• AI development এর future
• Creator economy এর viability
• Copyright law এর evolution
• Innovation এবং fairness এর balance

আগামী কয়েক বছরের court decisions এই questions এর উত্তর দেবে - এবং সেই উত্তরগুলো নির্ধারণ করবে digital age এর character।

এই যুদ্ধ চলবে। এবং বিজয়ী যে-ই হোক, প্রযুক্তি এবং সৃজনশীলতার সম্পর্ক কখনোই আর একই রকম থাকবে না।

আরও জানুন এবং সংযুক্ত থাকুন

Official Court Documents:

• NYT vs OpenAI Case (SDNY)
• Carreyrou et al vs Google et al (California)

AI Companies' Responses:

• OpenAI Official Statement
• Google AI Principles
• Anthropic Safety

Legal Analysis:

• Harvard Law Review - NYT vs OpenAI
• Copyright Alliance - AI Lawsuits 2024
• Electronic Frontier Foundation

News Coverage:

• New York Times Tech Section
• The Verge AI Coverage
• TechCrunch

Creator Resources:

• Authors Guild
• Copyright Alliance
• PEN America

এই article সম্পর্কে: এই বিশ্লেষণ সর্বশেষ court filings, legal documents, company statements, এবং expert opinions এর উপর ভিত্তি করে তৈরি। AI copyright litigation একটি rapidly evolving area, তাই updates এর জন্য official sources check করুন।

Last Updated: ডিসেম্বর 28,2025

Disclaimer: এই article informational এবং educational purposes এর জন্য এবং legal advice নয়। Copyright এবং AI law complex এবং evolving। Specific legal issues এর জন্য qualified attorney এর সাথে consult করুন।

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